室內(nèi)空氣污染的危害

室內(nèi)空氣污染的危害
The Danger of Indoor Air Pollution  
    
   
    想想我們每天呼吸23000次，呼吸約為435立方英尺的空氣。室內(nèi)空氣污染已成為影響我們?nèi)祟惤】档闹饕獑栴}。在世界衛(wèi)生組織定義的“健康居住”的十五個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，其中八條與室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量有關(guān)。
     Considering we breathe 23,000 times a day and move around 435 cubic feet of air, this is a major concern. Indoor air pollution is now considered a major environmental health problem. Among the fifteen criteria for “the healthy residence” set up by World Health Organization, eight of them which are important symbols of a high life quality are relevant to the indoor air quality.  
     為了節(jié)約能源，現(xiàn)代建筑物密閉化程度增加，無法無限制的加大中央空調(diào)換氣頻率，致使室內(nèi)污染物不能及時排出室外，造成室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量的惡化，出現(xiàn) “亞健康” 、“空調(diào)病” 等現(xiàn)象，世界衛(wèi)生組織將此定義為“致病建筑物綜合癥”。但是大樓若被完全密閉，污染物如霉菌容易滋生。當(dāng)空氣流通時，這些霉菌以及其他建筑材料、油漆、家具等所釋放出的有害化學(xué)氣體例如甲醛，苯等就會在整個大樓內(nèi)流動，但卻不會被凈化。
     In order to save energy, we are sealing buildings with better windows, insulation, and moldings, which results in poor indoor air quality, odor and related air conditioning disease, which is named ‘sick building syndrome”. When buildings are sealed, contaminants such as mold can build up,  As air passes through it, the mold along with harmful chemicals gases such as formaldehyde and benzene given off by construction materials, paints, and furniture is picked up and circulated. 
      美國環(huán)保署研究表明室內(nèi)空氣污染物的濃度是戶外的2—5倍。當(dāng)我們把大樓嚴(yán)嚴(yán)實實地“密封”起來時，這個倍數(shù)可上升至100倍。 高度的室內(nèi)空氣污染是人們所關(guān)心的一個重要問題，因為大部分人90%的時間是在室內(nèi)度過的。
      U.S. EPA studies indicate that indoor levels of air pollutants may be 2-5 times higher than outdoor levels Indoor pollutant levels can reach 100 times that of outdoor levels when we effectively “seal” our building. High levels of indoor air pollutants may be of particular concern because most people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. 
      研究表明長期在含有甲醛、苯等有害污染物質(zhì)的環(huán)境下工作或生活可導(dǎo)致人體誘發(fā)多種疾病,特別是苯及其同系物是世界衛(wèi)生組織公認(rèn)的致癌物質(zhì)，容易引發(fā)人體各組織的癌變，特別是白血病、肺癌等。甲醛、苯等有害物質(zhì)對兒童和女性的危害更大，特別是孕婦容易誘發(fā)流產(chǎn)。
     Research shows that people who work or live in a condition with harmful gases such as formaldehyde are more suseptable to some diseases. Benzene is recognized as carcinogenic by the World Health Organization, which can lead to cancers such as leucocythemia and lung cancer. Harmful gases can have an harmful effect on women, particularly those who are pregnant, inducing miscarriages. 
      新世紀(jì)流感病毒幾乎每年都發(fā)生，其中重要的傳播途徑為空氣的飛沫傳播。2003年SARS, 近年禽流感，手足口病及北美爆發(fā)影響世界的豬流感H1N1敲響警鐘。如何積極預(yù)防以空氣為媒介傳播的流行性疾病，保護(hù)我們的健康是一項艱巨的任務(wù)。
      The influenza virus occurs nearly every year, primarily diseminated through the air. The SARS in 2003 and the Bird Flu and Swine Flu H1N1 that North America erupted and affect the world sounded the alarm. How to prevent the epidemic disease through air as medium to disseminate actively is a challenging task.